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The Water Cooler
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CDC admits death toll is inflated! Of 161,392 deaths ONLY 6% / 9,683 ARE DIRECTLY CAUSED BY COVID.
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<blockquote data-quote="_CY_" data-source="post: 3417826" data-attributes="member: 7629"><p><img src="https://media.thedonald.win/preview/HEbrKo9p.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></p><p><a href="https://thedonald.win/p/HEbrKo9p/get-that-vitamin-d-friends/c/" target="_blank">Get that Vitamin D, friends</a></p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 22px"><strong>Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data</strong></span></p><p>BMJ 2017; 356 doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i6583" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i6583</a> (Published 15 February 2017)Cite this as: BMJ 2017;356:i6583</p><p></p><p><a href="https://www.bmj.com/content/356/bmj.i6583" target="_blank">https://www.bmj.com/content/356/bmj.i6583</a></p><p><a href="https://www.bmj.com/content/356/bmj.i6583.full.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.bmj.com/content/356/bmj.i6583.full.pdf</a></p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 18px"><strong>Abstract</strong></span></p><p><strong>Objectives</strong> To assess the overall effect of vitamin D supplementation on risk of acute respiratory tract infection, and to identify factors modifying this effect.</p><p></p><p><strong>Design</strong> Systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data (IPD) from randomised controlled trials.</p><p></p><p><strong>Data sources</strong> Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials Number registry from inception to December 2015.</p><p></p><p><strong>Eligibility criteria for study selection</strong> Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trials of supplementation with vitamin D3 or vitamin D2 of any duration were eligible for inclusion if they had been approved by a research ethics committee and if data on incidence of acute respiratory tract infection were collected prospectively and prespecified as an efficacy outcome.</p><p></p><p><strong>Results</strong> 25 eligible randomised controlled trials (total 11 321 participants, aged 0 to 95 years) were identified. IPD were obtained for 10 933 (96.6%) participants. Vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of acute respiratory tract infection among all participants (adjusted odds ratio 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.81 to 0.96; P for heterogeneity <0.001). In subgroup analysis, protective effects were seen in those receiving daily or weekly vitamin D without additional bolus doses (adjusted odds ratio 0.81, 0.72 to 0.91) but not in those receiving one or more bolus doses (adjusted odds ratio 0.97, 0.86 to 1.10; P for interaction=0.05). Among those receiving daily or weekly vitamin D, protective effects were stronger in those with baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels <25 nmol/L (adjusted odds ratio 0.30, 0.17 to 0.53) than in those with baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels ≥25 nmol/L (adjusted odds ratio 0.75, 0.60 to 0.95; P for interaction=0.006). Vitamin D did not influence the proportion of participants experiencing at least one serious adverse event (adjusted odds ratio 0.98, 0.80 to 1.20, P=0.83). The body of evidence contributing to these analyses was assessed as being of high quality.</p><p></p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong> Vitamin D supplementation was safe and it protected against acute respiratory tract infection overall. Patients who were very vitamin D deficient and those not receiving bolus doses experienced the most benefit.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="_CY_, post: 3417826, member: 7629"] [IMG]https://media.thedonald.win/preview/HEbrKo9p.png[/IMG] [URL='https://thedonald.win/p/HEbrKo9p/get-that-vitamin-d-friends/c/']Get that Vitamin D, friends[/URL] [SIZE=6][B]Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data[/B][/SIZE] BMJ 2017; 356 doi: [URL]https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i6583[/URL] (Published 15 February 2017)Cite this as: BMJ 2017;356:i6583 [URL]https://www.bmj.com/content/356/bmj.i6583[/URL] [URL]https://www.bmj.com/content/356/bmj.i6583.full.pdf[/URL] [SIZE=5][B]Abstract[/B][/SIZE] [B]Objectives[/B] To assess the overall effect of vitamin D supplementation on risk of acute respiratory tract infection, and to identify factors modifying this effect. [B]Design[/B] Systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data (IPD) from randomised controlled trials. [B]Data sources[/B] Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trials Number registry from inception to December 2015. [B]Eligibility criteria for study selection[/B] Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trials of supplementation with vitamin D3 or vitamin D2 of any duration were eligible for inclusion if they had been approved by a research ethics committee and if data on incidence of acute respiratory tract infection were collected prospectively and prespecified as an efficacy outcome. [B]Results[/B] 25 eligible randomised controlled trials (total 11 321 participants, aged 0 to 95 years) were identified. IPD were obtained for 10 933 (96.6%) participants. Vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of acute respiratory tract infection among all participants (adjusted odds ratio 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.81 to 0.96; P for heterogeneity <0.001). In subgroup analysis, protective effects were seen in those receiving daily or weekly vitamin D without additional bolus doses (adjusted odds ratio 0.81, 0.72 to 0.91) but not in those receiving one or more bolus doses (adjusted odds ratio 0.97, 0.86 to 1.10; P for interaction=0.05). Among those receiving daily or weekly vitamin D, protective effects were stronger in those with baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels <25 nmol/L (adjusted odds ratio 0.30, 0.17 to 0.53) than in those with baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels ≥25 nmol/L (adjusted odds ratio 0.75, 0.60 to 0.95; P for interaction=0.006). Vitamin D did not influence the proportion of participants experiencing at least one serious adverse event (adjusted odds ratio 0.98, 0.80 to 1.20, P=0.83). The body of evidence contributing to these analyses was assessed as being of high quality. [B]Conclusions[/B] Vitamin D supplementation was safe and it protected against acute respiratory tract infection overall. Patients who were very vitamin D deficient and those not receiving bolus doses experienced the most benefit. [/QUOTE]
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