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The Water Cooler
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CDC admits death toll is inflated! Of 161,392 deaths ONLY 6% / 9,683 ARE DIRECTLY CAUSED BY COVID.
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<blockquote data-quote="_CY_" data-source="post: 3428633" data-attributes="member: 7629"><p><a href="https://twitter.com/JamesTodaroMD?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1292873238670966790%7Ctwgr%5Eshare_3&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.redstate.com%2Fmichael_thau%2F2020%2F09%2F24%2Fwatch-trumps-new-covid-explain-covid-science-to-room-of-people-who-majored-in-journalism-at-breifing%2F" target="_blank">James Todaro, MD</a></p><p><a href="https://twitter.com/JamesTodaroMD?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1292873238670966790%7Ctwgr%5Eshare_3&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.redstate.com%2Fmichael_thau%2F2020%2F09%2F24%2Fwatch-trumps-new-covid-explain-covid-science-to-room-of-people-who-majored-in-journalism-at-breifing%2F" target="_blank">@JamesTodaroMD</a></p><p>3/ While antibodies against COVID-19 may only last months, T cell immunity can remain protective for years. In a study of 23 people who survived SARS in 2003, every single one had memory T cells that recognized the SARS virus 17 years later. (Nature) <a href="https://t.co/4LCjGcj8u9?amp=1" target="_blank">https://nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2550-z…</a></p><p><a href="https://twitter.com/JamesTodaroMD/status/1292873238670966790?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1292873238670966790%7Ctwgr%5Eshare_3&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.redstate.com%2Fmichael_thau%2F2020%2F09%2F24%2Fwatch-trumps-new-covid-explain-covid-science-to-room-of-people-who-majored-in-journalism-at-breifing%2F" target="_blank">12:19 PM · Aug 10, 2020</a></p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 22px"><strong>SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity in cases of COVID-19 and SARS, and uninfected controls</strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 22px"><strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2550-z" target="_blank">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2550-z</a></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 22px"></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 22px"><strong><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2550-z.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2550-z.pdf</a></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 22px"></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 22px"><strong><span style="font-size: 18px"><strong>Abstract</strong></span></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 22px"><strong>Memory T cells induced by previous pathogens can shape susceptibility to, and the clinical severity of, subsequent infections<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2550-z#ref-CR1" target="_blank">1</a>. Little is known about the presence in humans of pre-existing memory T cells that have the potential to recognize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here we studied T cell responses against the structural (nucleocapsid (N) protein) and non-structural (NSP7 and NSP13 of <em>ORF1</em>) regions of SARS-CoV-2 in individuals convalescing from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (<em>n</em> = 36). In all of these individuals, we found CD4 and CD8 T cells that recognized multiple regions of the N protein. Next, we showed that patients (<em>n</em> = 23) who recovered from SARS (the disease associated with SARS-CoV infection) possess long-lasting memory T cells that are reactive to the N protein of SARS-CoV 17 years after the outbreak of SARS in 2003; these T cells displayed robust cross-reactivity to the N protein of SARS-CoV-2. We also detected SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in individuals with no history of SARS, COVID-19 or contact with individuals who had SARS and/or COVID-19 (<em>n</em> = 37). SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in uninfected donors exhibited a different pattern of immunodominance, and frequently targeted NSP7 and NSP13 as well as the N protein. Epitope characterization of NSP7-specific T cells showed the recognition of protein fragments that are conserved among animal betacoronaviruses but have low homology to ‘common cold’ human-associated coronaviruses. Thus, infection with betacoronaviruses induces multi-specific and long-lasting T cell immunity against the structural N protein. Understanding how pre-existing N- and ORF1-specific T cells that are present in the general population affect the susceptibility to and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is important for the management of the current COVID-19 pandemic.</strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 22px"><strong></strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 22px"><strong></strong></span></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="_CY_, post: 3428633, member: 7629"] [URL='https://twitter.com/JamesTodaroMD?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1292873238670966790%7Ctwgr%5Eshare_3&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.redstate.com%2Fmichael_thau%2F2020%2F09%2F24%2Fwatch-trumps-new-covid-explain-covid-science-to-room-of-people-who-majored-in-journalism-at-breifing%2F']James Todaro, MD @JamesTodaroMD[/URL] 3/ While antibodies against COVID-19 may only last months, T cell immunity can remain protective for years. In a study of 23 people who survived SARS in 2003, every single one had memory T cells that recognized the SARS virus 17 years later. (Nature) [URL='https://t.co/4LCjGcj8u9?amp=1']https://nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2550-z…[/URL] [URL='https://twitter.com/JamesTodaroMD/status/1292873238670966790?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1292873238670966790%7Ctwgr%5Eshare_3&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.redstate.com%2Fmichael_thau%2F2020%2F09%2F24%2Fwatch-trumps-new-covid-explain-covid-science-to-room-of-people-who-majored-in-journalism-at-breifing%2F']12:19 PM · Aug 10, 2020[/URL] [SIZE=6][B]SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity in cases of COVID-19 and SARS, and uninfected controls[/B] [B][URL]https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2550-z[/URL][/B] [B][/B] [B][URL]https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2550-z.pdf[/URL][/B] [B][/B] [B][SIZE=5][B]Abstract[/B][/SIZE] Memory T cells induced by previous pathogens can shape susceptibility to, and the clinical severity of, subsequent infections[URL='https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2550-z#ref-CR1']1[/URL]. Little is known about the presence in humans of pre-existing memory T cells that have the potential to recognize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here we studied T cell responses against the structural (nucleocapsid (N) protein) and non-structural (NSP7 and NSP13 of [I]ORF1[/I]) regions of SARS-CoV-2 in individuals convalescing from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ([I]n[/I] = 36). In all of these individuals, we found CD4 and CD8 T cells that recognized multiple regions of the N protein. Next, we showed that patients ([I]n[/I] = 23) who recovered from SARS (the disease associated with SARS-CoV infection) possess long-lasting memory T cells that are reactive to the N protein of SARS-CoV 17 years after the outbreak of SARS in 2003; these T cells displayed robust cross-reactivity to the N protein of SARS-CoV-2. We also detected SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in individuals with no history of SARS, COVID-19 or contact with individuals who had SARS and/or COVID-19 ([I]n[/I] = 37). SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in uninfected donors exhibited a different pattern of immunodominance, and frequently targeted NSP7 and NSP13 as well as the N protein. Epitope characterization of NSP7-specific T cells showed the recognition of protein fragments that are conserved among animal betacoronaviruses but have low homology to ‘common cold’ human-associated coronaviruses. Thus, infection with betacoronaviruses induces multi-specific and long-lasting T cell immunity against the structural N protein. Understanding how pre-existing N- and ORF1-specific T cells that are present in the general population affect the susceptibility to and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is important for the management of the current COVID-19 pandemic. [/B][/SIZE] [SIZE=6][B][/B][/SIZE] [/QUOTE]
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CDC admits death toll is inflated! Of 161,392 deaths ONLY 6% / 9,683 ARE DIRECTLY CAUSED BY COVID.
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