I shot an iron skillet when I was 17 with a 30-30.
Tiny hole right through the middle.
I have shot deer with .308, 30-06 and 30-30 and all deer died.. the slower moving 30-30 would usually pencil right through them.
small hole in and small hole out.
.308- and 30-06 would blow out a big hole on the other side with the right bullet.
Those were A-max at over 2700 fps during impact
30-30 got 150gr round nose that was 2,200 from the muzzle.