Forums
New posts
Search forums
What's new
New posts
New media
New media comments
Latest activity
Classifieds
Media
New media
New comments
Search media
Log in
Register
What's New?
Search
Search
Search titles only
By:
New posts
Search forums
Menu
Log in
Register
Navigation
Install the app
Install
More Options
Advertise with us
Contact Us
Close Menu
JavaScript is disabled. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding.
You are using an out of date browser. It may not display this or other websites correctly.
You should upgrade or use an
alternative browser
.
Forums
Hobbies & Interests
Gearheads
Recommend Tractor Upgrade From My Ford 4000
Search titles only
By:
Reply to Thread
This site may earn a commission from merchant affiliate links, including eBay, Amazon, and others.
Message
<blockquote data-quote="dennishoddy" data-source="post: 3208999" data-attributes="member: 5412"><p><span style="font-size: 22px"><strong>What Are Tier 4 Diesel Engine Standards And How Do They Affect You?</strong></span></p><p><img src="https://www.crossco.com/sites/default/files/styles/blog_page/public/images/What%20Are%20Tier%204%20Diesel%20Engine%20Standards%20And%20How%20Do%20They%20Affect%20You.jpg?itok=YTY6Vi28" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></p><p><span style="font-size: 12px"><strong>Wade Wessler | June 28th, 2016</strong></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><strong>What are Tier 4 Diesel Engine Standards?</strong></span></p><p>Currently, <strong>Tier 4 diesel engine standards</strong> are the strictest EPA emissions requirement for off-highway diesel engines. This requirement regulates the amount of <strong>particulate matter (PM)</strong>, or black soot, and <strong>nitrogen oxides (NOx)</strong> that can be emitted from an off-highway diesel engine.</p><p></p><p>Based on an engine’s horsepower rating, <strong>Tier 4</strong> requirements were phased in starting in 2008. By the time final <strong>Tier 4</strong> regulations were fully implemented in 2015, PM and NOx emissions had been reduced 99% compared to 1996 levels.</p><p></p><p>Are there any exemptions? Yes!</p><p></p><p><strong>Tier 4 </strong>regulations exempt engines under 24 horsepower. There are some additional off-highway diesel engine exemptions that affect specific markets.</p><p></p><ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Engines used in railway locomotives, those are subject to separate EPA regulations.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Engines used in marine vessels, those are subject to separate EPA regulations.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Engines used in underground mining equipment, these are regulated by MSHA (Mine Safety and Health Administration).</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Hobby engines (below 50 cubic cm per cylinder).</li> </ul><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><strong>How to Meet or Exceed Tier 4 Diesel Engine Standards</strong></span></p><p>Through advancements in engine design, modern diesel engines have been transformed into one of the cleanest prime movers available today. Some of these engine improvements include high-pressure common rail fuel injection systems, electronically controlled injector solenoids, and advanced turbocharging. While these improvements enabled engine manufacturers to meet Tier 2, and Tier 3 standards, in order to meet the more stringent <strong>Tier 4 interim</strong> and <strong>Tier 4 final</strong> regulations, exhaust after-treatment was required.</p><p></p><p>There are three major technologies used for exhaust after-treatment.</p><p></p><ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><strong>Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)</strong> - This works by combining the exhaust gases with ammonia (urea or DEF, diesel emissions fluid) and passing this mixture over a catalyst. Roughly 1 gallon of DEF is required to treat 20 gallons of diesel fuel.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><strong>Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)</strong> - This works by using a mechanical filter to trap soot particles after they have been partially oxidized by a catalyst. At certain intervals during operation, the trapped particles are incinerated.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul"><strong>Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)</strong> - This works by recirculating a small amount of cooled exhaust gas back into the combustion chamber. This reduces the combustion temperature and effectively reduces the production of NOx. However, EGR increases particulate emissions, so a DPF will be needed to meet <strong>Tier 4</strong> final regulations.</li> </ul><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><strong>Tier 4 Diesel Engine Standards And Electronic Controls</strong></span></p><p>Lastly, the one major component required to meet <strong>Tier 4</strong> standards is a sophisticated engine control system. This control system is housed in the <strong>engine control unit (ECU)</strong>. This manages dozens of operating and environmental conditions in order to optimize horsepower, torque, and responses to changes in load. It allows the engine to maintain combustion efficiency over a broad range of operating conditions and minimize emissions in the exhaust. All engine parameters are communicated from this control system (ECU) over CANbus J1939 communications. Examples are pressure, temperatures, regeneration requirements, and engine faults.</p><p></p><p><span style="font-size: 15px"><strong>How Tier 4 Diesel Engine Standards Affect Machine Builders?</strong></span></p><p>Here are a few examples of things that need to be considered.</p><p></p><ul> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Physical size of the <strong>Tier 4</strong> engines are, in most cases, quite bigger than previous Tier engines. The reason is that you typically now have an after-treatment system (DEF tank for example) and larger heat exchangers (radiators), as well as changes to the filter systems, turbocharger, and other engine components.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Because of some of the physical changes, machine builders typically have fewer engine mounting points and fewer coolant ports.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Typically, a bigger engine is needed to get the same horsepower rating as a non-<strong>Tier 4</strong>engine. One of the reasons is that some of the horsepower is used to drive functions like the fan drive for cooling the engine.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">Because <strong>Tier 4</strong> engines run hotter, this affects wiring and other components in an engine compartment. Heat shielding is often required to eliminate this as an issue.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">If your vehicle utilizes different manufacturers of engines (some customers specify certain engines be used on their vehicles), each engine manufacturer’s <strong>Tier 4</strong> engines are a little bit different. Not only physically, but how they operate, how they regenerate (regen), their horsepower ratings, and how the controls interface and function.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">When certain engine conditions are met, such as when a regen process is required, the engine will automatically go in a “derated” mode. This derating typically takes on the form of a reduction in rpm, and a corresponding reduction in power. This can sometimes be delayed or adjusted, but this needs to be discussed with the engine manufacturer.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">With the sophisticated engine control systems on <strong>Tier 4</strong> engines, if you are using this as your prime mover, you must be able to communicate with the engine ECU through the CANbus J1939 bus. This can be part of an engine specific display or can be added to a larger vehicle body control system and its display.</li> <li data-xf-list-type="ul">After-treatment specific indicators must be added so that the machine operator can visibly see all operating conditions. This includes a regeneration indicator, high exhaust system temperature indicator, regenerations disabled indicator, DEF indicator, and a DEF level gauge. Again, this information is communicated through the ECU via CANbus J1939 bus. This can be part of an engine specific display or can be added to a larger vehicle body control system and its display. </li> </ul><p><a href="https://www.crossco.com/blog/what-are-tier-4-diesel-engine-standards-and-how-do-they-affect-you" target="_blank">https://www.crossco.com/blog/what-are-tier-4-diesel-engine-standards-and-how-do-they-affect-you</a></p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="dennishoddy, post: 3208999, member: 5412"] [SIZE=6][B]What Are Tier 4 Diesel Engine Standards And How Do They Affect You?[/B][/SIZE] [IMG]https://www.crossco.com/sites/default/files/styles/blog_page/public/images/What%20Are%20Tier%204%20Diesel%20Engine%20Standards%20And%20How%20Do%20They%20Affect%20You.jpg?itok=YTY6Vi28[/IMG] [SIZE=3][B]Wade Wessler | June 28th, 2016[/B][/SIZE] [SIZE=4][B]What are Tier 4 Diesel Engine Standards?[/B][/SIZE] Currently, [B]Tier 4 diesel engine standards[/B] are the strictest EPA emissions requirement for off-highway diesel engines. This requirement regulates the amount of [B]particulate matter (PM)[/B], or black soot, and [B]nitrogen oxides (NOx)[/B] that can be emitted from an off-highway diesel engine. Based on an engine’s horsepower rating, [B]Tier 4[/B] requirements were phased in starting in 2008. By the time final [B]Tier 4[/B] regulations were fully implemented in 2015, PM and NOx emissions had been reduced 99% compared to 1996 levels. Are there any exemptions? Yes! [B]Tier 4 [/B]regulations exempt engines under 24 horsepower. There are some additional off-highway diesel engine exemptions that affect specific markets. [LIST] [*]Engines used in railway locomotives, those are subject to separate EPA regulations. [*]Engines used in marine vessels, those are subject to separate EPA regulations. [*]Engines used in underground mining equipment, these are regulated by MSHA (Mine Safety and Health Administration). [*]Hobby engines (below 50 cubic cm per cylinder). [/LIST] [SIZE=4][B]How to Meet or Exceed Tier 4 Diesel Engine Standards[/B][/SIZE] Through advancements in engine design, modern diesel engines have been transformed into one of the cleanest prime movers available today. Some of these engine improvements include high-pressure common rail fuel injection systems, electronically controlled injector solenoids, and advanced turbocharging. While these improvements enabled engine manufacturers to meet Tier 2, and Tier 3 standards, in order to meet the more stringent [B]Tier 4 interim[/B] and [B]Tier 4 final[/B] regulations, exhaust after-treatment was required. There are three major technologies used for exhaust after-treatment. [LIST] [*][B]Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)[/B] - This works by combining the exhaust gases with ammonia (urea or DEF, diesel emissions fluid) and passing this mixture over a catalyst. Roughly 1 gallon of DEF is required to treat 20 gallons of diesel fuel. [*][B]Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)[/B] - This works by using a mechanical filter to trap soot particles after they have been partially oxidized by a catalyst. At certain intervals during operation, the trapped particles are incinerated. [*][B]Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)[/B] - This works by recirculating a small amount of cooled exhaust gas back into the combustion chamber. This reduces the combustion temperature and effectively reduces the production of NOx. However, EGR increases particulate emissions, so a DPF will be needed to meet [B]Tier 4[/B] final regulations. [/LIST] [SIZE=4][B]Tier 4 Diesel Engine Standards And Electronic Controls[/B][/SIZE] Lastly, the one major component required to meet [B]Tier 4[/B] standards is a sophisticated engine control system. This control system is housed in the [B]engine control unit (ECU)[/B]. This manages dozens of operating and environmental conditions in order to optimize horsepower, torque, and responses to changes in load. It allows the engine to maintain combustion efficiency over a broad range of operating conditions and minimize emissions in the exhaust. All engine parameters are communicated from this control system (ECU) over CANbus J1939 communications. Examples are pressure, temperatures, regeneration requirements, and engine faults. [SIZE=4][B]How Tier 4 Diesel Engine Standards Affect Machine Builders?[/B][/SIZE] Here are a few examples of things that need to be considered. [LIST] [*]Physical size of the [B]Tier 4[/B] engines are, in most cases, quite bigger than previous Tier engines. The reason is that you typically now have an after-treatment system (DEF tank for example) and larger heat exchangers (radiators), as well as changes to the filter systems, turbocharger, and other engine components. [*]Because of some of the physical changes, machine builders typically have fewer engine mounting points and fewer coolant ports. [*]Typically, a bigger engine is needed to get the same horsepower rating as a non-[B]Tier 4[/B]engine. One of the reasons is that some of the horsepower is used to drive functions like the fan drive for cooling the engine. [*]Because [B]Tier 4[/B] engines run hotter, this affects wiring and other components in an engine compartment. Heat shielding is often required to eliminate this as an issue. [*]If your vehicle utilizes different manufacturers of engines (some customers specify certain engines be used on their vehicles), each engine manufacturer’s [B]Tier 4[/B] engines are a little bit different. Not only physically, but how they operate, how they regenerate (regen), their horsepower ratings, and how the controls interface and function. [*]When certain engine conditions are met, such as when a regen process is required, the engine will automatically go in a “derated” mode. This derating typically takes on the form of a reduction in rpm, and a corresponding reduction in power. This can sometimes be delayed or adjusted, but this needs to be discussed with the engine manufacturer. [*]With the sophisticated engine control systems on [B]Tier 4[/B] engines, if you are using this as your prime mover, you must be able to communicate with the engine ECU through the CANbus J1939 bus. This can be part of an engine specific display or can be added to a larger vehicle body control system and its display. [*]After-treatment specific indicators must be added so that the machine operator can visibly see all operating conditions. This includes a regeneration indicator, high exhaust system temperature indicator, regenerations disabled indicator, DEF indicator, and a DEF level gauge. Again, this information is communicated through the ECU via CANbus J1939 bus. This can be part of an engine specific display or can be added to a larger vehicle body control system and its display. [/LIST] [URL]https://www.crossco.com/blog/what-are-tier-4-diesel-engine-standards-and-how-do-they-affect-you[/URL] [/QUOTE]
Insert Quotes…
Verification
Post Reply
Forums
Hobbies & Interests
Gearheads
Recommend Tractor Upgrade From My Ford 4000
Search titles only
By:
Top
Bottom
