Cost = bottom line. The bean counters don't give a crap about effectiveness. They want the most round count in supplies for their buck.The 9mm ammo has come along way as far as making them hotter rounds but with that said why not carry the 40? S far as more rounds to hit the target? I really never understood that argument. If you practice with what you carry you should be able to hit your target within a few rounds. One argument is the 40 is a hot round which will cause the gun to wear out faster (glock) but when 9mm rounds have been juiced up to match the 40 then you have to lol at the 9 wearing like the 40. It's just personal preference when it comes down to it. As far as the military and FBI they made that decision on cost plain and simple mho