Good question:
Ordinary walk in poachers: It should be legal to shoot or slash their tires out to keep them from leaving, and then hold them at gunpoint until the law arrives. The fine, along with the cost of the tow and new tires, should make them think twice next time.
Road hunters who shoot from a vehicle, it should be legal to shoot back, as long as you're trying to hit tires or engine block, just to stop them from escaping.
Litterers on public land, should be legal to hold them at gunpoint for the law, also, and get them charged with a $1,000 fine. If they're also trespassing on your land at that moment, then add this fine to the trespass fine.
I know what it feels like to have someone poach deer from your hunting area. It happened to me a few years ago and I was pissed, so I'm not defending poaching or poachers when I say this.
Instead of slashing tires or shooting them out, take their picture with a cell phone camera and a picture of their vehicle and licsense plate.
Road hunters should be dealt with the same. I had a co worker who witnessed someone shoot a deer on a public road from private land, while he was traveling on the road. To make a long story short the people who owned the land on the other side of the road thought he had taken a shot and shot at his pickup. They called the game warden who searched the truck for a bullet hole that they claimed they put in his truck bed. Thing is they didn't even hit the pickup so shooting at vehicles, in my opinion is attempted murder.
Littering or not, with all of the crazy stuff that happens on public land, one shouldn't be pointing firearms at anyone unless you intend to kill them.