As far as whether a "state's right" trumps a "nation's right," I would say that the national government has no right to pass unconstitutional legislation. If it does, the states are certainly justified in resisting. As far as who has the right to interpret the Constitution, the states have as good a claim on that as anybody.
Through what authority? You are almost convincing me, but I don't see what authority a single state has to deem that a federal law, validated by the judicial branch, under the authority of the Constitution, is unconstitutional.
Perhaps if there is a question of constitutionality that has not yet met the challenge of the Supreme Court...but if it has how can a state override that? To me, that is where Nullification falls flat, the states abdicated some power to the federal government by ratifying the Constitution, and if a particular law is born and validated within the Federal system created by that Constitution I don't see how they can get out of it short of convening a Constitutional Convention or secession....both of which are very extreme. (almost as extreme as the County Sheriff fantasy posted earlier, LOL)