Yeah, 100% cotton's not a great choice, especially from the waist up, if you're going to live outside for awhile, like extended backpacking or repeating 1776 arm in arm with Alex Jones. There's a lot of information for layering on the Interwebs. Army guys wear a 50/50 cotton/nylon blend as either a second layer or third layer for durability and livability. I figure the army guys know best. Stay away from goose down except for walking around Aspen looking for movie stars or you're at high altitude in the Himalayas.
Figure again. If you want to know what works best for extended periods in the field in adverse conditions, pick up the gear review issues of Backpacker, Rock & Ice, Climbing, etc. I will admit that you won't find VauDe, Marmot or Mountain Hardwear making much in earth tones (think ninja smoke) unless it's under contract, but they make stuff that will work and work well. The military is almost always a decade behind on tech whether it's the next best wrench or *gasp* a beanie that's NOT made out of wool. Now, some of that is due largely to the fact that the military has a variety of concerns that include things like...fire. If you're in a burning vehicle and you are dressed entirely in plastic...you can see where this is going. Obviously, the gear our military wears works but don't just look to them as the authorities on what works best. They use what works cheapest, then what works for their very specific needs: In that order.
Of course, surplus prices usually rock